This year, the celebration of Hanukkah occurs from sundown, December 2nd to sundown, December 10th. I am especially blessed that this Jewish holiday occurs before Christmas because it emphasizes the true spirit of Christ coming into the world as the Light into the Darkness. Furthermore, for me, there is real history to this holiday rather than the man-made traditions and commercialization that have come to represent so much of our Christmas celebrations. Never mind the fact that historians believe Jesus may have been born in the fall, and that this December 25th date coincides with the pagan festival of Saturnalia. (For one perspective,
see link). While some Biblical commentators will say this connection isn't important because it only matters what the celebrants think of what they are doing, I would like to suggest that it matters more what God thinks of it. But that is a different discussion for a different time. Today, I wish us to consider the historical celebration of Hanukkah and its implications for our Christian faith.
In the Jewish faith, the eight days of this celebration represent the
miracles of God in the centuries since their faith was founded...
beginning with the miraculous birth of Isaac, through their deliverance
out of Egypt, through the continuity of the Jewish people throughout
numerous defeats by world empires and subsequent captivities (including
the Holocaust of the 20th Century); all the way to the miracle of the
rebirth of the State of Israel, including their eternal capital,
Jerusalem.
Although the ultimate miracle of scales being lifted [so that they
recognize Jesus as their Messiah] has not been completely fulfilled yet,
there are tens of thousands of the Jewish faith who have received this
miracle in a personal way. And the celebration of Hanukkah holds both an
historic and future significance for them. And since, as Christians,
we are grafted into the Jewish faith, the celebration of Hanukkah has
great meaning for us, as we look to the Light of the World.
But, let's take a look back at the history of this inspirational holiday
and see how it speaks to us today. In Exodus, Chapter 25, God gave
Moses instructions for building the accessories and furniture for the
Tabernacle. Among them were the Ark of the Covenant, a table for the
bread of the Presence [of God], and the Golden Lampstand. This
lampstand was to be built out of pure gold and included seven bowls in
which only pure, fresh olive oil of the highest quality would be used to
sanctify the priests, the tabernacle, and all of its furnishings and
sacred vessels. This lampstand, or Menorah, was a seven-branched
candelabra beaten out of a solid piece of gold. Later, it stood in the
southern part of the Temple and was lit every day by the High Priest. In
fact, Exodus 27:21 tells us,
Aaron and his sons shall tend it from
evening to morning before the Lord. It shall be a statute forever to be
observed throughout their generations by the people of Israel.
You see, olive oil can be a picture of the Holy Spirit, the One who
sanctifies us, fills us, readies us to see [and become like] Christ, and brings us light,
joy, and spiritual health. And, as David Guzik tells us in his
commentary, "God never wanted the lamps to lose their fire. Only a
continual supply of oil and trimming of the wicks could keep them
burning. We can only continue to be on fire for God if we are
continually supplied with the oil of the Holy Spirit, and are 'trimmed'
by God to bear more light".
That is a symbolic understanding of the Menorah and its
significance. But there is a real life story of God's miracle in
keeping His Light burning... It occurs during that time period when the
Roman Empire is ascending and flexing its muscles against the fading
Greek Empire. The small nation of Israel finds itself caught in the
middle of the battle for power among the Syrians, the Greeks, the
Egyptians, and the Romans. The Jews, in Israel, eventually find
themselves under the rule of the Greek leader Antiochus Epiphanies, who
came to power with flattering offers of peace.
At the time, the Jewish High Priest was Onias lll, and he was considered
the prince of the covenant. His brother Jason, was corrupt, and wanted
to bring Greek culture to Israel. So Antiochus had Onias murdered and
replaced him with Jason, as High Priest. This High Priest (Jason) is
soon replaced by another priest (Menelaus) who offers to pay Antiochus
huge bribe money to hold this prestigious office. Jason has heard false
rumors that Antiochus has been killed in battle and leads a small army
against Jerusalem to get his office back. This, of course, angers
Antiochus and he unleashes his hatred of the Jews in a fury, killing
many Jews, selling many of them into slavery, and plundering the
treasures of the Temple.
In the meantime, Menelaus is forcing a false worship system on the
Jews and making them accept the Greek culture and worship the Greek
idols. Antiochus sends his general Apollonius to occupy Jerusalem and
they sacrifice pigs on the Temple altar. The Jews were made to take part
in drunken orgies in honor of the god of wine, Bacchus. Jews are
also forbidden on penalty of death from practicing any form of Judaism
including circumcision or observing the Sabbath.
Furthermore, Antiochus had ordered the Jewish Scriptures to be
destroyed, and he and his soldiers brought prostitutes into the Temple
and there had sex with them in order to defile the Temple. The final
outrage for the pious Jews of the land came when Antiochus sacked the
Temple and erected an altar there to the pagan god Zeus. Then, on
December 25, 168 BC, Antiochus offered a pig to Zeus on the altar of
God. (This is a picture of the "abomination of desolation" that Daniel
mentions, and which Jesus references as coming again, right before His
return).
The apostate Jews listened to the flatteries of Antiochus and left
the worship of YHWH. But God always has a remnant that remain faithful
to Him despite persecution. That was the Maccabee family. Mattathias
Maccabee is angered when he witnesses a priest about to take part in
these blasphemies in the Temple and kills him on the altar.
This is the Maccabean Revolt that we read about in the Book of
Maccabees. The Jewish Encyclopedia gives the following account which
began the Maccebean revolt in 166 B.C. that threw off Syrian/Greek rule:
"
Mattathias was already old when the religious persecution under
Antiochus Epiphanes broke out. The king's soldiers under Apelles, who is
mentioned by Josephus but not in the Book of Maccabees, came to Modin, a
small city in Judea. They set up an altar to the heathen god, and
ordered Mattathias, as the most influential citizen, whose example would
be followed, to sacrifice in accordance with the king's command. But
Mattathias said: "Though all the nations that are under the king's
dominion obey him, . . . yet will I, and my sons, and my brethren, walk
in the covenant of our fathers" (I Macc. ii. 19-20). And when a certain
Jew was about to obey the command, Mattathias, who was filled with holy
wrath, killed the offender and destroyed the altar, while his sons cut
down the king's officer. Thereupon Mattathias called out: "Whoever is
zealous for the Law, and maintaineth the covenant, let him follow me."
His countrymen, abandoning all their possessions, followed him and hid
in the mountains and desert places. Others, who had hidden themselves
before, joined them. . . . From his hiding-place he scoured the
neighboring districts of Judea, drove out small bands of the king's
troops, punished the renegade Jews, destroyed the heathen temples and
altars, and brought children, who through fear had not been circumcised,
into the covenant of Abraham."
When Daniel says, in Chapter 11, verse 32, but the people that do know their God shall be strong, and do exploits, it
is a direct refererence to the Maccabees. REMEMBER: This time period
occurs in the Silent Years between Malachi and Matthew. These events
took place in the period after the Old Testament was completed with the
writings in Malachi. It was a hard time for the faithful Jews and a
period of extreme persecution. It was a time of mixed loyalties among
the Jews. Some believed God, and were faithful even unto death. Others
rejected Him, believing the lies of Antiochus. IT WILL BE THE SAME IN
THE END TIMES, AT THE TIME OF THE GREAT TRIBULATION.
At this time in history (just as it will be at the end of history),
Antiochus was determined to exterminate the Jewish people. He sent
Lysias, the commander-in-chief of the Seleucid army, along with 60,000
infantrymen and 5000 cavalry, to utterly destroy the Jews. This powerful
army finally encountered Judas Maccabee, who had a force of only 3000
poorly equipped rebels, in the town of Emmaus, which was just over 7
miles from Jerusalem. Judas managed to gather together another 7000
rebels, but was still terribly outnumbered. He prayed to God for
strength and deliverance (1 Maccabees 4:30-33), and God answered! They
won a huge victory over the Seleucid army!
Judas then determined to enter Jerusalem and liberate the city, and
also to purify the Temple and rededicate it to God. When they entered
the holy city, the extent of the destruction which they beheld caused
them to be overwhelmed by grief (1 Maccabees 4:36-40). Their grief,
however, soon turned to determination and action. They set about the
task of driving the enemy out of the city, and also of cleaning up the
Temple. On December 25, 165 BC (exactly three years after Antiochus had
defiled the altar of God by offering a pig upon it), the Temple of God
was rededicated to Him with rejoicing and sacrifices. The celebration
continued for eight days. This is the famous "Feast of Lights"
(Hanukkah) which is still celebrated by the Jews to this day.
In fact, there are two miracles associated with this religious holiday.
The first is that the small band of Jewish rebels were able to defeat
the massive and superior Syrian-Greek army. The second miracle is that
during the re-dedication of the Temple, and upon the priests’ return to
light the menorah, they discovered there was only one vial of oil, which
should have lasted no more than a day. But YHWH miraculously
replenished the oil so that it sufficed for eight days.
A year later, the holiday of Hanukkah was established and celebrated to commemorate the
eight days God replenished the oil; a celebration of the weak, threatened with annihilation,
yet overcoming the mighty, with God's intervention. Clearly, the holiday
of Hanukkah celebrates those miracles that occurred over 2000 years
ago. But it is a reminder today [to those who have faith in Jesus
Christ] of the miracle that established Him as the Light of the World.
It is a time to remember that He is our unparalleled hope, and to look
for spiritual renewal and re-dedication to our faith. It is a time to be
thankful that His Light shines into the darkness of this world, and
that the darkness is receding and will eventually be totally defeated.
It is a time to recognize the miracle of the State of Israel
existing in its homeland, with its eternal capital Jerusalem. We need
to see that Israel continues as a nation that is bringing light unto the
world in a neighborhood of darkness and turmoil. As a Christian, I see
the original story of Hanukkah being played out in today's headlines.
And I believe that Hanukkah has great significance to my faith. It speaks of strength from God in times of extreme persecution. In addition,
Hanukkah is also known as the Feast of Dedication, and it is about the
darkness of persecution and the light of God that leads His people
through the darkness of those figurative nights with a promise of joy in
the morning. Yes,
it is a celebration of, and for, the Jewish people. But in the
"Festival of Lights", I believe I can see God's presence and
faithfulness as the Light of the World to all who call Him their God.
Just let your spirit rejoice in this Hanukkah prayer:
We kindle
these lights because of the wondrous deliverance You performed for our
ancestors. During these eight days of Hanukkah, these lights are sacred;
we are not to use them but only to behold them, so that their glow may
rouse us to give thanks for Your wondrous acts of deliverance.
The miracles that occurred 2,000 years ago in Jerusalem give my
spirit courage and comfort in this dark world. I am grafted into that
covenant between God and Israel, and Hanukkah is recognition of the
miracle [of deliverance from sin] that God has given all of us in our
lives. Let us never forget that the Light came to shine
on each of us, and
from each of us. Happy Hanukkah!
Ephesians 5:8 For at one time you were darkness, but now you are light in the Lord. Walk as children of light.